The One Pillar Pagoda is one of Vietnam’s most iconic historical and architectural landmarks. Resembling a pristine lotus flower rising from the water, this pagoda captivates visitors with its elegant design and its fascinating history dating back over 1,000 years to the Ly Dynasty. As a symbol of Buddhism and Vietnamese heritage, it offers international travelers an opportunity to explore the spiritual depth and traditional beauty of the country. Follow Ula Travel now!
I. Introduce to One Pillar Pagoda
1. Overview of One Pillar Pagoda
The One Pillar Pagoda is one of the most iconic cultural and spiritual landmarks in Hanoi. This historic pagoda is not only a symbol of traditional Buddhist architecture in Vietnam but also carries profound historical and cultural significance.
Built in the 11th century, the One Pillar Pagoda symbolizes a lotus flower—a sacred bloom deeply connected to Buddhist philosophy. Its unique design, perched on a single stone pillar amidst a small pond, is an architectural wonder and a source of pride for the Vietnamese people. For international visitors, this pagoda is a must-see destination when exploring Hanoi.
2. Meaning of the Name “One Pillar Pagoda”
The name “Chùa Một Cột,” which translates to One Pillar Pagoda in English, reflects the unique structure of the temple: a single-pillar design supporting the entire structure, rising about 1.2 meters above the pond.
In Vietnamese culture, the lotus is a sacred symbol in Buddhism, representing purity, enlightenment, and wisdom. As such, the pagoda is not only a place of worship but also a representation of the harmony between humans and nature, as well as the deep spiritual life of the Vietnamese people.
3. Where is One Pillar Pagoda?
The One Pillar Pagoda is situated in the heart of Hanoi, within the expansive grounds of the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum Complex. Its exact address is Chua Mot Cot Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi.
With its tranquil and serene atmosphere, the One Pillar Pagoda provides a perfect retreat amidst the bustling capital. Visitors can immerse themselves in the harmonious blend of nature and spiritual culture, making it an unforgettable highlight of their journey to Hanoi.
II. History and Significance of One Pillar Pagoda
1. When was the One Pillar Pagoda Built?
The One Pillar Pagoda was constructed in 1049 during the reign of Emperor Ly Thai Tong, one of the most renowned rulers of the Ly Dynasty—a period celebrated as the pinnacle of Buddhist culture and art in Vietnam.
Legend has it that the story of the One Pillar Pagoda is associated with the dream of King Ly Thai Tong. In 1049, the king dreamed that the Goddess of Mercy gave him a shining lotus throne. When he woke up, the king told his ministers about his mysterious dream.
After that, the monk Thien Tue advised the king to build a pagoda to remember the great merit and kindness of the Goddess of Mercy. As in the dream, the pagoda erected a lim wood pillar, making a lotus throne of the Goddess of Mercy placed on the pillar.
The One Pillar Pagoda has undergone many restorations and repairs during the Tran, Later Le, and Nguyen Dynasties. In 1954, the French army used explosives to destroy the pagoda before withdrawing from the capital. In 1955, the State rebuilt the pagoda according to the design of architect Nguyen Ba Lang on the scale of a small pagoda.
2. Significance of One Pillar Pagoda
The One Pillar Pagoda is not only an architectural marvel but also a profound symbol in Vietnamese culture and religion.
- Symbolism of the Lotus in Buddhism
The pagoda’s design evokes an image of a lotus blooming on the water—a sacred symbol of purity, enlightenment, and liberation in Buddhism. The lotus, despite growing from muddy waters, remains untainted, symbolizing the spiritual journey of overcoming life’s struggles to attain perfection.
- A Sacred Place for Prayers
The pagoda is regarded as a holy site where people come to pray for good fortune, health, and happiness. International visitors often visit to learn about Vietnamese Buddhist traditions and experience the tranquil and serene atmosphere.
- A Cultural Heritage of Vietnam
The One Pillar Pagoda stands as a testament to the flourishing of Buddhism in the Dai Viet culture during the Ly Dynasty. It represents a harmonious blend of architectural artistry and religious philosophy, making it a rare and unique structure worldwide.
III. The Unique Architecture of One Pillar Pagoda
The One Pillar Pagoda is renowned not only for its historical significance but also for its unique architecture, which embodies Buddhist symbolism and harmonizes perfectly with the surrounding natural beauty.
1. The Most unique Architecture in Asia
Under the confirmation of the Asia Record Organization, One Pillar Pagoda was honored as “The pagoda with the most unique architecture in Asia” in 2012. The One Pillar Pagoda is supported by a single stone pillar, giving the impression of a pagoda floating above water.
This pillar is set in the center of a square pond called Linh Chieu Lake, where lotuses bloom in the summer. Its design represents a lotus flower rising from muddy water—a sacred Buddhist symbol of purity and enlightenment.
The pillar is a circular block made of two stone pillars stacked on top of each other. One part is submerged in the lake, and the other part is 4 m above the water surface. The pillar is 1.2m in diameter and extremely sturdy.
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2. Expressing Eastern Philosophy
The pagoda roof is covered with red brick tiles that have been covered with moss over time, creating an ancient look for the temple. Each tile shows the meticulousness and ingenuity of the craftsman.
On top of the temple roof is the image of “two dragons facing the sun”—a typical architectural feature of communal houses, pagodas, and temples. This architectural feature is a symbol of fertility, the harmony of yin and yang. This is a typical image imbued with humanity in the spiritual architectural art of the Vietnamese people.
3. A Harmonious Blend of Buddhist Architecture and Nature
The pagoda is shaped like a lotus, with its curved, delicately carved roof embodying traditional Vietnamese design. The serene surroundings, including a lush garden and tranquil pond, enhance the connection between the structure and nature, creating a sense of peace and balance.
4. A unique Wooden Masterpiece
The main structure of the pagoda is made entirely of wood, with its roof crafted in the traditional Vietnamese style. This design echoes other ancient temples in Vietnam while retaining its own distinctive charm.
IV. Tips for International Visitors
1. Opening Hours and Entrance Fees to One Pillar Pagoda
Opening Hours: The One Pillar Pagoda is open daily from 7:00 AM to 6:00 PM, including weekends and public holidays. The best time to visit is early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid crowds and enjoy the serene atmosphere.
Entrance Fee: The pagoda does not charge entrance fees for Vietnamese citizens who come to visit, worship Buddha, or make offerings. As for foreign tourists, the entrance fee to One Pillar Pagoda is 25,000 VND/person (1 dollar).
2. Dress Appropriately for a Sacred Place
As a significant spiritual destination, visitors should wear modest and respectful clothing. This not only shows respect for the local culture but also ensures your comfort while exploring.
Recommendations:
- Shirts with sleeves (avoid tank tops or sleeveless tops).
- Long pants or skirts (avoid shorts and short skirts).
3. Respect the Sacred Space
- Avoid loud conversations or making noise in the pagoda area.
- Do not touch or move sacred items or offerings.
- If you wish to burn incense or participate in religious rituals, observe and follow the locals or your guide.
V. One Pillar Pagoda in Modern Culture
1. A Symbol of Vietnam
The One Pillar Pagoda is not only a historical landmark but also an essential cultural symbol of Vietnam, celebrated across various fields of art and modern life:
Featured on Stamps and Currency:
- The pagoda has been depicted on Vietnam’s postage stamps, reflecting its esteemed status as a historic architectural masterpiece.
- Its image was also engraved on the 5,000 VND coin in the past, highlighting its importance in representing the nation’s cultural identity.
Appears in Educational Materials and Tourism Campaigns:
- The pagoda is included in textbooks and cultural studies, educating younger generations about Vietnam’s national heritage.
- It is prominently featured in Hanoi and Vietnam tourism campaigns, symbolizing the country’s rich traditions to the world.
2. Special Significance to International Visitors
The One Pillar Pagoda fascinates not only locals but also international travelers with its unique beauty and compelling history.
A Must-Visit Landmark in Hanoi:
- With its one-of-a-kind architecture, the pagoda is a popular stop on Hanoi’s sightseeing itineraries. Many tourists regard it as a “must-see” destination to better understand Vietnamese culture and history.
- Conveniently located near other iconic attractions such as the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, Presidential Palace, and Temple of Literature, it makes for an enriching and seamless travel experience.
Represents Vietnam’s Long History and National Identity:
- With over 1,000 years of history, the pagoda stands as a vivid testament to the golden era of the Ly Dynasty when Buddhism flourished as the national religion.
- Its lotus-inspired design not only embodies religious symbolism but also conveys the Vietnamese spirit of resilience, purity, and peace.
- For visitors, the pagoda offers a profound opportunity to explore the harmony between Vietnam’s deep-rooted traditions and its ongoing modern development.
The One Pillar Pagoda is more than just an architectural wonder; it is a bridge for international visitors to delve into Vietnam’s rich history and enduring cultural values. This makes the pagoda a timeless symbol, cherished across generations.
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VI. Nearby Attractions to One Pillar Pagoda
When visiting One Pillar Pagoda in Hanoi, tourists should not miss the following nearby landmarks, which are rich in history and culture. These places, all located close to the pagoda, provide a well-rounded experience of the capital’s heritage.
1. Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum
The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum is one of the most sacred and important sites in Hanoi. It is the final resting place of President Ho Chi Minh, the founder of modern Vietnam. The mausoleum is an impressive building inspired by the architecture of other famous leaders’ tombs worldwide, surrounded by expansive grounds, museums, and memorials.
The mausoleum is a must-visit site for anyone in Hanoi. Tourists can explore the mausoleum, learn about Ho Chi Minh’s life and legacy, and feel the reverence of the Vietnamese people towards their beloved leader.
Distance: Only about 300 m (5-minute walk) from One Pillar Pagoda.
Opening Hours:
- Tuesday to Thursday: 7:30 AM – 10:30 AM.
- Saturday to Sunday: 7:30 AM – 11:00 AM.
- Closed on Monday and Friday.
Entrance Fee: Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum is free for visitors. However, if you want to enter the Ho Chi Minh relic site at the Presidential Palace, the ticket price will be 40,000 VND/person.
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2. Flag Tower of Hanoi
The Hanoi Flag Tower is a historic landmark that symbolizes Vietnam’s resilience and victories in various wars. Built during the French colonial era, it stands as a reminder of Vietnam’s strength and independence.
Standing 33.4 meters tall, the tower is topped with a large national flag, representing the nation’s spirit of freedom and unity. Visitors can explore the tower and enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding area from its top.
Distance: About 1.5 km (5-minute drive or 20-minute walk) from One Pillar Pagoda.
Opening Hours: 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM (Closed on Mondays).
Entrance Fee: Adults: 20,000 VND/person.
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3. Imperial Citadel of Thang Long
The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is a UNESCO World Heritage site, a key historical complex that served as the political center of Vietnam for centuries. It was the seat of power for many Vietnamese dynasties from the 11th to the 19th century.
Visitors can explore ancient palaces, temples, and other relics from Vietnam’s past, gaining insight into the country’s history and the legacy of its royal heritage.
Distance: About 1.2 km (5-minute drive or 15-minute walk) from One Pillar Pagoda.
Opening Hours: 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM (Closed on Mondays).
Entrance Fee:
- From January 1, 2025, the Thang Long-Hanoi Heritage Conservation Center will apply the entrance fee to the Thang Long Imperial Citadel relic site: 100,000 VND/turn/guest.
- Children under 16 years old are free.
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4. Hoa Lo Prison
Hoa Lo Prison is a famous historical site, particularly known for its role during the Vietnam War. It was used to imprison revolutionary fighters under French colonial rule and later American POWs.
Tourists can learn about the harsh conditions faced by prisoners and view exhibits related to the struggle against colonial and imperial forces. The site is a powerful reminder of Vietnam’s fight for independence.
Distance: About 2 km (10-minute drive or 25-minute walk) from One Pillar Pagoda.
Opening Hours: 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM.
Entrance Fee:
- Adults: 30,000 VND/person.
- Children under 15: free.
5. Temple of Literature
The Temple of Literature is one of Hanoi’s most significant cultural landmarks, founded in the 11th century under the Ly Dynasty. It was Vietnam’s first university and is dedicated to Confucius and the pursuit of education.
The temple complex is beautifully designed and houses ancient stone tablets honoring the scholars who passed the imperial exams. It is a symbol of Vietnam’s long-standing respect for education and intellectual achievements.
Distance: About 1.5 km (5-minute drive or 20-minute walk) from One Pillar Pagoda.
Opening Hours:
- April to October: 7:30 AM – 5:30 PM.
- November to March: 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM.
Entrance Fee:
- Adults: 70,000 VND/person.
- Children under 15: free.
In conclusion, the One Pillar Pagoda is not just an architectural marvel but also a profound symbol of Vietnamese culture and spirituality. With a history spanning nearly 1,000 years, it tells the story of the Ly Dynasty and the deep connection between humanity and Buddhism. Despite its modest size, the pagoda’s intricate beauty and significance leave every visitor with a sense of peace and appreciation for Vietnam’s cultural heritage. If you’re seeking a tranquil yet historically rich destination, the One Pillar Pagoda is a must-visit spot on your journey through Hanoi.
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